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A half bathroom requires a minimum of 15 square feet to accommodate a toilet and sink while meeting building codes. Most building codes require at least 21 inches of clearance in front of the toilet and 15 inches from the center of the toilet to any side wall or fixture. 

Smaller spaces may work with compact fixtures like corner sinks and round toilets rather than elongated models, but always check local building codes before planning.

Adding a half bathroom takes several weeks from start to finish, depending on the complexity of the project. Simple installations near existing plumbing might be completed relatively quickly, while projects requiring extensive plumbing work or custom features naturally take longer. 

The process involves multiple phases, including planning, demolition, rough-in work, inspections, finishing, and fixture installation. Your contractor can provide a more specific timeline based on your particular circumstances.

Yes, you can add a half bathroom to a basement, but this location often involves additional challenges compared to ground-floor installations. Basements frequently require special plumbing solutions if they're below the main sewer line. You'll also need to consider moisture management, proper ventilation, and potential concrete work for plumbing access. 

Always check local building codes, as some jurisdictions have specific requirements for basement bathrooms. Despite these challenges, a basement half bath can add significant convenience and value to your home.